الفن والإنسان - Art and Humanity

كتب: أبوصالح الألفي

إن من أبرز صفات الإنسان القدرة على التعبير عن خلجات نفسه وآماله ومخاوفه، ونظرًا إلى أن طبيعة هذا الميل فطرية يشترك فيها الناس جميعًا، فإن كل فرد لديه الاستعداد أيضًا لنقل تعبيرات الآخرين. هذا التجاوب الفطري يعتبر دعامة أساسية في تكوين المجتمعات الإنسانية، ومن ثم فإن أقدم المجتمعات الإنسانية لم تستغن عن مخاوفها وآمالها، ومن الصفات الأساسية أيضًا شعوره بذاته ورغبته في تأكيد هذه الذات وميله الغريزي إلى التكاثر، كل ذلك دفعه تلقائيًا إلى تجميل حياته وكل ما يتصل بهذه الحياة من ملبس ومسكن وأدوات.

وقد لازم الإنسان منذ درج على الأرض شعور أصيل بأن هناك قوى علوية تسيطر على مصيره ومقدراته، وأن الخير والشر يتنازعان في أعماق نفسه. ونتيجة لهذه الصفات والغرائز والقدرات والانفعالات، تعددت جوانب نشاطه الفني لتغطية احتياجاته الشخصية والاجتماعية والروحية.

ولما كانت طبيعة الإنسان مرنة وقابلة للتعديل تبعًا للبيئة التي يعيش فيها، فقد تغيرت أنماط التعبير الفني بين المجتمعات، وهذا يفسر الفروق الواضحة بين حضارة وأخرى. فالتعبير الإنساني يشمل جميع وسائل التعبير: اللفظ، النغمة، الحركة، الشكل، الأدب، الموسيقى، الرقص، التمثيل، والفنون التشكيلية.

ومن خلال هذا التفاعل بين الإنسان والمجتمع والبيئة، تنعكس الفنون على بعضها البعض وتفسر إحداها الأخرى. فوجود الإنسان ظاهرة طبيعية، ووسائل تعبيره مستمدة من الطبيعة، يسير فيها على النسق نفسه الذي تسير عليه الظواهر الكونية.

ومن هنا يمكن أن نميز في الفنون التشكيلية أساسًا عامًا مشتركًا هو طبيعة الشكل والأسس المستمدة من الطبيعة التي تقوم عليها الصياغة الفنية. وهذا لا ينفي التباين في المضمون والدافع الوجداني بين الأفراد والحضارات.

إن القدرة على التعبير من جهة واستقبال تعبيرات الآخرين من جهة أخرى، إضافة إلى القدرات الخلاقة الأخرى، أسهمت في تطوير الحضارات الإنسانية عبر العصور. فالخيال الخصب الذي يساند هذه القدرات هو ما مكّن الإنسان من الإبداع والاكتشاف والابتكار.

وجميع البشر يشتركون في هذه القدرات لكنهم يختلفون في درجاتها، فبعض الأفراد يمتلكون مستويات أعلى تمكنهم من قيادة النشاط الفني في مجتمعاتهم. وهؤلاء الفنانون يحتاجون إلى الرعاية منذ الصغر لتنمية الحس الجمالي والإبداعي.

وفي حياتنا المعاصرة، يلعب الفن دورًا رئيسيًا في إضفاء مسحة من الجمال والذوق على تفاصيل الحياة اليومية، من تصميم الملابس والأثاث والسيارات إلى المواقع الإلكترونية. وهكذا امتص الفن التطبيقي جزءًا كبيرًا من طاقة الفنان الابتكارية ليقدم للجماهير أعمالًا جميلة وعملية.

إن الفن ليس مجرد زينة، بل وسيلة للمعرفة، توازي العلوم والفلسفة في أهميتها. فالفنان يعكس في أعماله شيئًا عن العالم، وعن الإنسان، وعن ذاته، مما يجعل الفن نافذة لفهم الوجود الإنساني بعمق.

وأخيرًا، فإن العلاقة بين الفنان والمجتمع علاقة تكاملية، فالفنان يستمد من مجتمعه النغمة والمشاعر ويعيد صياغتها بموهبته الخاصة. ولهذا نجد تشابهًا بين بعض الأعمال الفنية رغم تباعد العصور، لأن الإبداع الإنساني يظل نهرًا واحدًا يتجدد عبر الزمن.

🔗 روابط مهمة مقترحة

Art and humanity

One of the most prominent human qualities is the ability to express one's innermost feelings, hopes, and fears. Given that this tendency is innate and shared by all people, every individual is also predisposed to conveying the expressions of others. This innate responsiveness is a fundamental pillar in the formation of human societies. Thus, even the oldest human societies were indispensable in their fears and hopes. Another fundamental human quality is a sense of self, a desire to assert this self, and an instinctive tendency toward reproduction. All of this has driven humans to spontaneously beautify their lives and everything connected to this life, from clothing to housing and tools. Since their inception, humans have been haunted by an inherent sense that higher powers control their destiny and fate, and that good and evil struggle within the depths of their souls. As an inevitable result of these characteristics, instincts, abilities, emotions, and feelings that characterize humans, the various aspects of their artistic and expressive activity have diversified to cover these aspects. Artistic activity has become a general phenomenon, addressing personal, social, and spiritual needs. Since human nature is flexible and capable of modification and shaping according to the environment in which they live, patterns of artistic expression have changed in different societies and environments. This explains the clear differences between one civilization and another

It goes without saying that when we speak of human expression, we mean all means of expression through words, tone, movement, and form. This broad artistic framework includes literature, poetry, music, dance, acting, and the visual arts. Given that expression, as we have previously explained, is the result of interaction between humans, society, and the environment, all of these arts reflect one another, and each interprets the other arts

Since human existence is a natural phenomenon, its means of expression, tools, equipment, and instruments are derived from the other natural phenomena surrounding it. The curiosity that characterizes humans drives them to observe the phenomena surrounding them. Consequently, all human creative activity follows the same pattern as nature in its cosmic order

From here, we can distinguish a common foundation in the visual arts: the nature of the form in which the artwork is crafted and the foundations derived from nature upon which this formulation is based. This does not mean a loss of the clear variance and diversity in artistic content and emotional motivation among the expressions of individuals, groups, and civilizations

All this allows us to say that the ability to express ourselves, on the one hand, and to receive the expressions of others, on the other, in addition to the other capabilities that distinguish humans, have contributed and continue to contribute effectively to the development of human civilizations across time and space. There is no doubt that these creative abilities, supported by a fertile imagination, have enabled humans to dive into the seas, explore space, and bring joy and pleasure to their lives through the tools and objects they use. All members of the human race share these abilities, but they differ in their degrees, so that some individuals are distinguished by levels higher than the normal levels, and these are the ones who train in artistic production and lead this innovative activity in their societies. This also means that the degree of artistic sensitivity that is born with a person is likely to grow and flourish if it is properly cared for at an early age, thus opening up the opportunity for growth, and then the individual’s personality emerges fully. The artistic experience in reality allows the perception of all forms of art, and from it is formed the group of works of the professional artist, the craftsman, the child, and what the ordinary person does. Likewise, what this experience entails of the ability of the ordinary, conscious person who loves the arts to criticize as long as he reads, watches, and enjoys works of art with passion and contemplation, and as long as he accepts them with all his senses. This and the highest levels of artistic experience are those that allow every person to savor the beauty in everything that surrounds him, and to enjoy this inexhaustible source of shapes and colors, and of the majesty of nature and its secrets, of melody, sound, and form, and what emanates from every work of art that unites the poetry of nature and the imagination of man.

In our contemporary lives, art plays a key role in adding a touch of beauty, taste, and elegance to everything we need in our daily lives. Specialization has become an essential characteristic for coping with the multiplicity and expansion of life's demands. Among the fruits of the artist's sensitivity in our modern age are the designs of clothing, furniture, cars, televisions, radios, mobile phones, and open websites around the world, etc

Thus, applied art has absorbed a large portion of the artist's innovative energy, presenting to the masses objects with beautiful shapes that fulfill their function to the fullest. However, art also serves another function: addressing the intellect and conscience through the artist's productions of photography, sculpture, decorative artifacts, etc. In each of its basic works, art attempts to convey something about the world, about humanity, or about the artist himself

Art is a path to knowledge, and the world of art is a special system of value to humanity, comparable to the world of philosophy and science. In fact, we only begin to appreciate the importance of art in human history when we clearly see it as a path to knowledge, equal to, and even distinct from, other ways in which humans understand their surroundings

Here, we would like to emphasize the close connection between the artist and society. The artist, as an individual within society, draws his or her rhythm and emotions from society, blending them with his or her own desire and unique ability to create. No art of high value can be devoid of this intrinsic creative energy. The fact that artistic production is the result of social circumstances and the artist's own creative energy explains the similarities between some works of art across many distant eras in histor